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Enzymes are organic catalysts produced by living cells. They do not depend on the cell for their livelihood, but can perform their reactions outside the cell. Most fermentative reactions take place outside the cell. Unlike inorganic catalysts enzymes are destroyed by boiling and inactivated by freezing (the principal behind deep freezing foods). Many enzymes require a co-enzyme to act as an energy provider for the reaction, or as hydrogen acceptors in oxidative reactions. Some metals act as activators for enzymes which explains the need for calcium and magnesium in the must.
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